DIGITAL WEDDING PHOTOGRAPHY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The Advantages of Digital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Digital Imaging Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Unlimited Shooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Instant Image Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Archival Permanence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
The Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
A Changed World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
THE PHOTOGRAPHERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
1.THE KEYSTO SUCCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
The Mind Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Idealization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
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Proactive vs. Reactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
The “Hopeless Romantic” . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
The Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Powers of Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Capturing the Peak of Action . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Reaction Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
People Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
What to Look For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Narrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Emotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Uniqueness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Joe Photo Image Gallery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
2. EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
The Digital SLR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Removable Storage Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Image Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Sensitivity/ISO Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Burst Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
LCD Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Lens Conversion Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Effective Pixels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
File Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
PC Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Shutter Lag Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Lens Capability and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . .44
Dimensions/Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Battery Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
White Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Focal Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Autofocus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Incident Flashmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Wallace ExpoDisc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Lighting Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
On-Camera Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Barebulb Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Remote Triggering Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Bounce-Flash Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Studio Flash Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Light Stands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Umbrellas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Backup and Emergency Equipment . . . . . . . . . .52
Lights, Cameras, and Other Equipment . . . .52
Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Marcus Bell Image Gallery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
3. SHOOTINGTECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Light Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Incident-Light Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Reflected-Light Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Evaluating Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
A Clean Image Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Testing Your Camera’s Metering . . . . . . . . . . . .61
White Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
RAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
JPEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Color Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Sharpening and Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Metadata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Charles Maring Image Gallery . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
4.WORKFLOW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
JPEG Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Uploading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
File Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Edit and Adjust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Image Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Rename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Copy Again . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Proof Setup and Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Uploading to the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Album Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Retouching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Print Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Album Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Print Sorting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Folders and Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Archiving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
RAW Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Proofing Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Printing Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Reformat Your Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
David Beckstead Image Gallery . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
5. COLOR MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
It’s an RGB World Now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Gamma Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Viewing Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Profiling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Color Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Soft Proofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Yervant Zanazanian Image Gallery . . . . . . . . . .86
6. PHOTOSHOPTECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . .92
Background Copy Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Eraser Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Selective Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
Blemishes and Other Distractions . . . . . . . . . . .95
Shininess and Wrinkles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
Teeth and Eyes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
Glare on Glasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
Color Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
Sepia/Blue Tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
Mixing Color and Black & White . . . . . . . . . .100
Vignettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Straightening Verticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Changing Image Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Sharpening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
Workin’ It with Jerry D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
7. DIGITAL ALBUMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Types of Albums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Traditional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Library Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Magazine Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Mini Albums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Martin Schembri’s Design Templates . . . . . .108
Yervant’s Page Gallery Software . . . . . . . . .109
Montage Software System . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Albums Can Be Labor Intensive . . . . . . . . . . .111
Don’t Overwork Your Images . . . . . . . . . . .111
A Specialized Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Get the Client Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
The Photographer as Graphic Artist . . . . . . . .112
Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Right- and Left-Hand Pages . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Tension and Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Additional Album Design Tips . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Storytelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Color Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Gatefolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Double-Trucks and Panoramic Pages . . . . .118
Dennis Orchard Image Gallery . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

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Mathematical Quantization

Contents

1 Quantum Mechanics 1
1.1 Classical physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 States and events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Observables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 Composite systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6 Quantum computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.7 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2 Hilbert Spaces 19
2.1 Definitions and examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2 Subspaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.3 Orthonormal bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.4 Duals and direct sums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.5 Tensor products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.6 Quantum logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.7 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
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3 Operators 45
3.1 Unitaries and projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.2 Continuous functional calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.3 Borel functional calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.4 Spectral measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.5 The bounded spectral theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.6 Unbounded operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.7 The unbounded spectral theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.8 Stone's theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.9 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4 The Quantum Plane 73
4.1 Position and momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.2 The tracial representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.3 Bargmann-Segal space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4.4 Quantum complex analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.5 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
5 C*-algebras 91
5.1 The algebras C(X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.2 Topologies from functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.3 Abelian C*-algebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
5.4 The quantum plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
5.5 Quantum tori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
5.6 The GNS construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
5.7 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
6 Von Neumann Algebras 125
6.1 The algebras l1 (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
6.2 The algebras L1 (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
6.3 Trace class operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
6.4 The algebras B(H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
6.5 Von Neumann algebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
6.6 The quantum plane and tori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
6.7 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
7 Quantum Field Theory 147
7.1 Fock space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
7.2 CCR algebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
7.3 Relativistic particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
7.4 Flat spacetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
7.5 Curved spacetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
7.6 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
8 Operator Spaces 167
8.1 The spaces V (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
8.2 Matrix norms and convexity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
8.3 Duality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
8.4 Matrix-valued functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
8.5 Operator systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
8.6 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
9 Hilbert modules 191
9.1 Continuous Hilbert bundles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
9.2 Hilbert L1-modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
9.3 Hilbert C*-modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
9.4 Hilbert W*-modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
9.5 Crossed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
9.6 Hilbert -bimodules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
9.7 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
10 Lipschitz algebras 219
10.1 The algebras Lip0(X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
10.2 Measurable metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
10.3 The derivation theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
10.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
10.5 Quantum Markov semigroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
10.6 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
11 Quantum Groups 249
11.1 Finite dimensional C*-algebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
11.2 Finite quantum groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
11.3 Compact quantum groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
11.4 Haar measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
11.5 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
References 265

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Django JavaScript Integration: AJAX and jQuery

Table of Contents

Preface 1
Chapter 1: jQuery and Ajax Integration in Django 7
Ajax and the XMLHttpRequest object 8
Human speech: An overlaid function 8
Ajax: Another overlaid function 8
The technologies Ajax is overlaid on 9
JavaScript 9
XMLHttpRequest 14
Methods 14
Properties 15
HTML/XHTML 17
XML 18
JSON 18
CSS 19
The DOM 19
iframes and other Ajax variations 20
JavaScript/Ajax Libraries 21
Server-side technologies 21
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A look at Django 21
Django templating kickstart 22
A more complete glimpse at Django templating 23
Setting JavaScript and other static content in place 32
Summary 33
Chapter 2: jQuery—the Most Common JavaScript Framework 35
jQuery and basic Ajax 36
jQuery Ajax facilities 39
$.ajax() 39
context 40
data 42
dataFilter 43
dataType 43
error(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) 44
success(data, textStatus, XMLHttpRequest) 44
type 44
url 44
$.aj0axSetup() 45
Sample invocation 45
$.get() and $.post() 45
.load() 46
jQuery as a virtual higher-level language 48
The selectors 48
A closure-based example to measure clock skew 52
Case study: A more in-depth application 56
Chapter 3: Validating Form Input on the Server Side 56
Chapter 4: Server-side Database Search with Ajax 56
Chapter 5: Signing Up and Logging into a Website Using Ajax 57
Chapter 6: jQuery In-place Editing Using Ajax 57
Chapter 7: Using jQuery UI Autocomplete in Django Templates 57
Chapter 8: Django ModelForm: a CSS Makeover 57
Chapter 9: Database and Search Handling 57
Chapter 10: Tinkering Around: Bugfixes, Friendlier Password Input, and a Directory That Tells Local Time 58
Chapter 11: Usability for Hackers 58
Appendix: Debugging Hard JavaScript Bugs 58
Summary 58
Chapter 3: Validating Form Input on the Server Side 61
The standard lecture: low-level validation 62
Matching regular expressions 62
You cannot guarantee absolutely valid data 63
Validating can detect (some) malicious input 63
The Django way of validation 64
Django gives you some things for free 64
The steps in Django's validation 65
A more sensible and cruelty-free approach to validation 66
Things get murkier 67
The zero-one-infinity rule: a cardinal rule of thumb in usability 68
An improvement on Django's advertised approach 68
A validation example: GPS coordinates 70
Avoiding error messages that point fingers and say, "You're wrong!" 71
Validation as demanding that assumptions be met 72
Old-school: conform to our U.S.-based assumptions! 72
Adding the wrong kind of band-aid 74
Making assumptions and demanding that users conform 76
At least names are simple, right? 76
Even in ASCII, things keep getting murkier 77
Better validation may be less validation 78
Caveat: English is something of a lingua franca 79
We don't have to negotiate with pistols 80
Doing our best to solve the wrong problem: a story 81
It really does apply to validation 82
Facebook and LinkedIn know something better 83
Summary 83
Chapter 4: Server-side Database Search with Ajax 85
Searching on the client side and server side 86
Handling databases through Django models 86
Models for an intranet employee photo directory 87
Searching our database 95
A tour of Django persistence facilities 100
Summary 103
Chapter 5: Signing Up and Logging into a Website Using Ajax 105
admin.py: administrative functions called once 107
functions.py: project-specific functions, including our @ajax_login_required decorator 107
views.py: functions that render web pages 108
style.css: basic styling for usability 113
search.html: a template for client-side Ajax 114
The Django admin interface 122
Summary 124
Chapter 6: jQuery In-place Editing Using Ajax 125
Including a plugin 127
How to make pages more responsive 127
A template handling the client-side requirements 128
The bulk of the profile 132
Whitespace and delivery 133
Page-specific JavaScript 136
Support on the server side 137
Summary 139
Chapter 7: Using jQuery UI Autocomplete in Django Templates 141
Adding autocomplete: first attempt 142
Progressive enhancement, a best practice 142
A real-world workaround 146
"Interest-based negotiation": a power tool for problem solving when plan A doesn't work 146
A first workaround 148
Boilerplate code from jQuery UI documentation 154
Turning on Ajax behavior (or trying to) 156
Code on the server side 156
Refining our solution further 159
Summary 163
Chapter 8: Django ModelForm: a CSS Makeover 165
"Hello, world!" in ModelForm 165
Expanding and customizing the example 168
Customizing ModelForm pages' appearance 170
Going under ModelForm's hood 182
An excellent "stupid" question: where's the e-mail slot? 184
Summary 187
Chapter 9: Database and Search Handling 189
Moving forward to an AHAH solution 189
Django templates for simple AHAH 192
Templating for a list of search results 192
Template for an individual profile 195
Views on the server side 202
Telling if the user is logged in 202
A view to support deletion 202
The AHAH view to load profiles 203
Helper functions for the AHAH view for searching 204
An updated model 206
An AHAH server-side search function 207
Handling the client-side: A template for the main page 209
CSS for styling the directory 232
Our updated urlpatterns 241
Summary 241
Chapter 10: Tinkering Around: Bugfixes, Friendlier Password Input, and a Directory That Tells Local Time 243
Minor tweaks and bugfixes 243
Setting a default name of "(Insert name here)" 244
Eliminating Borg behavior 244
Confusing jQuery's load() with html() 245
Preventing display of deleted instances 246
Adding a favicon.ico 249
Handling password input in a slightly different way 250
A directory that includes local timekeeping 252
Summary 260
Chapter 11: Usability for Hackers 261
Usability begins with anthropology… and Django hackers have a good start on anthropology 262
Anthropological usability techniques 263
An introductory example: card sorting 263
Focus groups: cargo cult research for usability 265
Anthropological observation: the bedrock of usability 265
More than one way to see the same situation 266
Applying this foundation to usability 268
It's just like (hard) debugging 271
Lessons from other areas 272
Live cross-cultural encounters 272
History 273
Old books and literature 274
The last other area: whatever you have 277
Understanding the user 278
A lesson from optimization 278
What's wrong with scratching an itch, or you are not your user 279
Worst practices from the jargon file 279
Python and usability 280
It's not all about the computer! 280
What to do in the concrete 282
Further reading 283
Summary 284
Appendix: Debugging Hard JavaScript Bugs 285
"Just fiddling with Firebug" is considered harmful 285
Cargo cult debugging at your fingertips 285
The scientific method of debugging 286
Exhausting yourself by barking up the wrong tree 287
The humble debugger 289
The value of taking a break 289
Two major benefits to asking for help 290
Firebug and Chrome developer tools 290
The basics across browsers 290
Zeroing in on Chrome 293
Summary 298
Index 299

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Effective Java

Table of Content

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Creating and Destroying Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Item 1: Consider static factory methods instead of constructors . . . 5
Item 2: Consider a builder when faced with many constructor
parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Item 3: Enforce the singleton property with a private
constructor or an enum type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Item 4: Enforce noninstantiability with a private constructor . . . . 19
Item 5: Avoid creating unnecessary objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Item 6: Eliminate obsolete object references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Item 7: Avoid finalizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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3 Methods Common to All Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Item 8: Obey the general contract when overriding equals . . . . . 33
Item 9: Always override hashCode when you
override equals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Item 10: Always override toString . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Item 11: Override clone judiciously . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Item 12: Consider implementing Comparable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4 Classes and Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Item 13: Minimize the accessibility of classes and members . . . . . . 67
Item 14: In public classes, use accessor methods,
not public fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Item 15: Minimize mutability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Item 16: Favor composition over inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Item 17: Design and document for inheritance or else prohibit it . . 87
Item 18: Prefer interfaces to abstract classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Item 19: Use interfaces only to define types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Item 20: Prefer class hierarchies to tagged classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Item 21: Use function objects to represent strategies . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Item 22: Favor static member classes over nonstatic . . . . . . . . . . . 106
5 Generics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Item 23: Don’t use raw types in new code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Item 24: Eliminate unchecked warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Item 25: Prefer lists to arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Item 26: Favor generic types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Item 27: Favor generic methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Item 28: Use bounded wildcards to increase API flexibility . . . . . 134
Item 29: Consider typesafe heterogeneous containers . . . . . . . . . . 142
6 Enums and Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
Item 30: Use enums instead of int constants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Item 31: Use instance fields instead of ordinals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Item 32: Use EnumSet instead of bit fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Item 33: Use EnumMap instead of ordinal indexing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Item 34: Emulate extensible enums with interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Item 35: Prefer annotations to naming patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Item 36: Consistently use the Override annotation. . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Item 37: Use marker interfaces to define types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
7 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
Item 38: Check parameters for validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Item 39: Make defensive copies when needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Item 40: Design method signatures carefully . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Item 41: Use overloading judiciously . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Item 42: Use varargs judiciously . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Item 43: Return empty arrays or collections, not nulls . . . . . . . . . 201
Item 44: Write doc comments for all exposed API elements . . . . 203
8 General Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
Item 45: Minimize the scope of local variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Item 46: Prefer for-each loops to traditional for loops . . . . . . . . . 212
Item 47: Know and use the libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Item 48: Avoid float and double if exact answers
are required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Item 49: Prefer primitive types to boxed primitives . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Item 50: Avoid strings where other types are more appropriate . . 224
Item 51: Beware the performance of string concatenation . . . . . . 227
Item 52: Refer to objects by their interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Item 53: Prefer interfaces to reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Item 54: Use native methods judiciously. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Item 55: Optimize judiciously . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Item 56: Adhere to generally accepted naming conventions . . . . . 237
9 Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241
Item 57: Use exceptions only for exceptional conditions . . . . . . . 241
Item 58: Use checked exceptions for recoverable conditions
and runtime exceptions for programming errors . . . . . . . 244
Item 59: Avoid unnecessary use of checked exceptions . . . . . . . . 246
Item 60: Favor the use of standard exceptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Item 61: Throw exceptions appropriate to the abstraction. . . . . . . 250
Item 62: Document all exceptions thrown by each method. . . . . . 252
Item 63: Include failure-capture information in
detail messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Item 64: Strive for failure atomicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Item 65: Don’t ignore exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
10 Concurrency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259
Item 66: Synchronize access to shared mutable data. . . . . . . . . . . 259
Item 67: Avoid excessive synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Item 68: Prefer executors and tasks to threads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Item 69: Prefer concurrency utilities to wait and notify. . . . . . . 273
Item 70: Document thread safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Item 71: Use lazy initialization judiciously . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Item 72: Don’t depend on the thread scheduler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Item 73: Avoid thread groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
11 Serialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289
Item 74: Implement Serializable judiciously. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Item 75: Consider using a custom serialized form . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Item 76: Write readObject methods defensively . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Item 77: For instance control, prefer enum types
to readResolve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Item 78: Consider serialization proxies instead of serialized
instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Appendix: Items Corresponding to First Edition . . . . . .317
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327

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English Teaching in the Secondary School

Table of Content

Acknowledgements vii
Introduction 1
1 The English teacher and the National Curriculum 13
2 The impact of the Strategy 28
3 Knowledge about language 48
4 Speaking and listening 61
5 Reading 74
6 Writing 89
7 Planning 105
8 Assessment 124
9 Drama 139
10 Poetry 160
11 Media education 177
12 ICT 189
13 English at Key Stage 4 199
14 Post-16 English 213
15 Inclusion 228
16 Research and writing 246
Bibliography 257
Index 269
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eSourcing Capability Model for Client Organizations

ix List of Practices
xi Foreword
1 Introduction
7 eSourcing
11 Sourcing Issues and a Solution
31 Understanding the Model
53 Using the eSCM-CL
57 Capability Determination
Methods and Certification
73 The Practice Structure
89 Interpreting the Intent of the eSCM-CL
107 The Practices
109 Sourcing Strategy Management
123 Governance Management
143 Relationship Management
163 Value Management
185 Organizational Change Management
207 People Management
219 Knowledge Management
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229 Technology Management
237 Threat Management
255 Sourcing Opportunity Analysis
265 Sourcing Approach
277 Sourcing Planning
291 Service Provider Evaluation
301 Sourcing Agreements
321 Service Transfer
335 Sourced Services Management
367 Sourcing Completion
381 Glossary & References
382 Glossary
395 References
403 Appendices
404 Appendix A: Practice Summary
406 Appendix B: Practices by Capability Area (CA)
412 Appendix C: Relationship between the
eSCM‑SP and eSCM-CL Practices
417 Appendix D: Relationship between the
eSCM‑CL and the OPBOK
422 Appendix E: Development of the eSCM-CL

Figures & Tables
2 Figure 1. Complementary Models
8 Figure 2. Types of sourcing
9 Figure 3. Types of sourcing relationships
12 Figure 4. Continued growth of the worldwide outsourced services market
30 Figure 5. eSCM‑CL focuses on sourcing activities
32 Figure 6. Practice Attributes
33 Figure 7. The Sourcing Life-cycle
34 Figure 8. The Capability Areas
45 Table 1. Mapping Critical Issues to Capability Areas
47 Figure 9. The Capability Levels
47 Figure 10. Capability Level 1: Performing Sourcing
47 Figure 11. Capability Level 2: Consistently Managing Sourcing
48 Figure 12. Capability Level 3: Managing Organizational Sourcing Performance
49 Figure 13. Capability Level 4: Proactively Enhancing Value
50 Figure 14. Capability Level 5: Sustaining Excellence
51 Table 2. The eSCM CL focus by Capability Level
51 Figure 15. The eSCM‑CL
52 Table 3. eSCM‑CL Practices by Capability Area and Capability Level
59 Table 4. Capability Determination Methods
61 Figure 16. Potential paths to Certification
62 Figure 17. Decision Tree for type of Capability Determination
64 Figure 18. Capability Determination flow
68 Figure 19. Capability Determination timeline
75 Figure 20. Practice Activities
75 Figure 21. Supplemental Information for an Activity
76 Figure 22. Parts of a Practice
82 Table 5. eSCM‑CL Support Practices
93 Figure 23. Progression of documentation through the Sourcing Life-cycle
103 Figure 24. Measurement Path though the eSCM‑CL Capability Levels
417 Table 6. High-Level Comparison of OPBOK and eSCM-CL
417 Figure 25. Key differences in the scope and use of the OPBOK and eSCM-CL
423 Table 7. Existing Quality Models and Standards Analyzed
425 Table 8. Organizations Involved in eSCM-CL Development Activities

List of Practices
109 Sourcing Strategy Management
110 str01 Sourcing Sponsorship
112 str02 Sourcing Constraints
114 str03 Potential Sourcing Areas
116 str04 Sourcing Objectives
120 str05 Organizational Sourcing Strategy
123 Governance Management
124 gov01 Sourcing Policy
126 gov02 Service Provider Management
128 gov03 Internal Stakeholder Management
132 gov04 Defined Sourcing Processes
136 gov05 Align Strategy & Architectures
138 gov06 Business Process Integration
140 gov07 Adapt to Business Change
143 Relationship Management
144 rel01 Service Provider Interactions
148 rel02 Service Provider Relationships
152 rel03 Internal Relationships
154 rel04 Issue Management
156 rel05 Cultural Fit
158 rel06 Collaborative Relationships
160 rel07 Innovative Relationships
163 Value Management
164 val01 Organizational Sourcing Performance
166 val02 Capability Baselines
168 val03 Benchmark Sourcing Processes
170 val04 Improve Sourcing Processes
172 val05 Innovation
176 val06 Business Value & Impact
180 val07 Sourcing Alignment
185 Organizational Change Management
186 ocm01 Prepare for Organizational Change
198 ocm02 Stakeholder Involvement
192 ocm03 Define Future State
196 ocm04 Human Resource Changes
200 ocm05 Communicate Organizational Changes
204 ocm06 Organizational Change
207 People Management
208 ppl01 Assign Sourcing Responsibilities
210 ppl02 Personnel Competencies
212 ppl03 Organizational Sourcing Competency
216 ppl04 Define Roles
219 Knowledge Management
220 knw01 Provide Required Information
222 knw02 Knowledge System
224 knw03 Market Information
226 knw04 Lessons Learned
228 knw05 Share Knowledge
229 Technology Management
230 tch01 Asset Management
232 tch02 License Management
234 tch03 Technology Integration
237 Threat Management
238 thr01 Sourcing Risk Management
242 thr02 Organizational Risk Management
244 thr03 Intellectual Property
246 thr04 Security & Privacy
250 thr05 Compliance
252 thr06 Business Continuity
255 Sourcing Opportunity Analysis
256 opa01 Define Current State
258 opa02 Sourcing Criteria
260 opa03 Demand Identification
262 opa04 Sourcing Options
265 Sourcing Approach
266 app01 Sourcing Approach
268 app02 Business Case
270 app03 Governance Model
272 app04 Impact & Risk Analysis
274 app05 Sourcing Initiation Decision
277 Sourcing Planning
278 pln01 Establish Sourcing Project
280 pln02 Service Definition
282 pln03 Service Provider Selection Procedures
286 pln04 Evaluation Criteria
288 pln05 Prepare Service Requirements
291 Service Provider Evaluation
292 spe01 Communicate Requirements
294 spe02 Evaluate Potential Service Providers
298 spe03 Select Candidate Service Providers
301 Sourcing Agreements
302 agr01 Negotiations Guidelines
304 agr02 Confirm Existing Conditions
308 agr03 Negotiations
310 agr04 Agreement Roles
312 agr05 Define SLAs & Measures
316 agr06 Create Agreements
318 agr07 Amend Agreements
321 Service Transfer
322 tfr01 Service Transition
326 tfr02 Verify Design
328 tfr03 Resources Transferred Out
330 tfr04 Personnel Transferred Out
332 tfr05 Knowledge Transferred Out
335 Sourced Services Management
336 mgt01 Perform Sourcing Management
340 mgt02 Performance Monitoring
342 mgt03 Financial Management
346 mgt04 Agreement Management
348 mgt05 Problem & Incident Monitoring
350 mgt06 Service Delivery Change Management
354 mgt07 Service Change Management
358 mgt08 Review Service Performance
360 mgt09 Stakeholder Feedback
362 mgt10 Service Value Analysis
364 mgt11 Continuation Decision
367 Sourcing Completion
368 cmp01 Completion Planning
372 cmp02 Service Continuity
374 cmp03 Resources Transfer from
Service Provider
376 cmp04 Personnel Transfer from
Service Provider
378 cmp05 Knowledge Transfer from
Service Provider

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Scientific Advertising

Chapter 1 How Advertising Laws Are Established................ 4
Chapter 2 Just Salesmanship...................................................... 8
Chapter 3 Offer Service............................................................ 11
Chapter 4 Mail Order Advertising · What It Teaches.......... 13
Chapter 5 Headlines.........................................................16
Chapter 6 Psychology ............................................................... 19
Chapter 7 Being Specific .......................................................... 23
Chapter 8 Tell Your Full Story................................................ 26
Chapter 9 Art In Advertising................................................... 29
Chapter 10 Things Too Costly ................................................ 32
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Chapter 11 Information............................................................ 35
Chapter 12 Strategy ................................................................... 37
Chapter 13 Use Of Samples..................................................... 40
Chapter 14 Getting Distribution............................................. 44
Chapter 15 Test Campaigns..................................................... 47
Chapter 16 Leaning On Dealers.............................................. 51
Chapter 17 Individuality........................................................... 53
Chapter 18 Negative Advertising............................................ 55
Chapter 19 Letter Writing ........................................................ 56
Chapter 20 A Name That Helps ............................................. 58
Chapter 21 Good Business ...................................................... 60

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Beyond Photoshop

Beyond Photoshop
Advanced Techniques Integrating Photoshop with Illustrator, Poser, Painter, Cinema 4D,
and ZBrush

How to use this book Each chapter in this book is a stand-alone project.
One chapter does not lead into the next.
You can literally open the book and start with any chapter that interests you.
I have decided to follow the format I used previously in Creative Photoshop.
Each chapter begins with an inspirational image, and then a highly detailed, step-by-step walkthrough carries you through the process of how it was created.

All the files you’ll need to create each image are included in the downloadable project files for that chapter at www.beyondphotoshopthebook.com.
At the end of each chapter, you’ll not only create something compelling—you’ll walk away with the knowhow required to apply these methods to work of your own.
That is the real goal here: to inspire you as well as inform you, while at the same time creating something that is visually compelling.
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Get Started in Computing

Table of Content

1 User IT security 1
1.1 System performance security 1
1.2 Information security 7
1.3 Technology security 10
1.4 Guidelines and procedures 18
1.5 Privacy 19
1.6 Data security 21
2 Using your computer and operating system 26
2.1 Start, stop and re-start your PC 26
2.2 System information 32
2.3 Set up 33
2.4 Install and uninstall programs 49
2.5 The Desktop 50
2.6 Using windows 54
2.7 Ribbon and menu bars 59
2.8 Dialog boxes 60
2.9 File management 60
2.10 Libraries, folders and fi les 65
2.11 Searching and sorting 70
2.12 Other useful options 76
2.13 Using WordPad 78
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3 Maintenance, health & safety, and legal issues 84
3.1 Maintaining systems 84
3.2 Print management 88
3.3 Health and safety 91
3.4 Security 100
3.5 Law 103
4 Common skills 109
4.1 Opening and closing applications 109
4.2 Application window 112
4.3 MS Offi ce Help 116
4.4 File handling 118
4.5 Delete, Cut, Copy and Paste 128
4.6 Page Layout 132
4.7 Spelling and grammar 134
4.8 Font formatting 137
4.9 Paragraph/cell formatting 139
4.10 Undo, Redo 144
4.11 Find and Replace 144
4.12 Illustrations 146
4.13 Clip art 154
4.14 WordArt 155
4.15 Zoom 157
5 Word processing 159
5.1 Starting Word 159
5.2 Moving the insertion point 161
5.3 Editing 162
5.4 Word options 164
5.5 Page breaks 166
5.6 Special characters and symbols 167
5.7 View options 168
5.8 Selection techniques 169
5.9 Font formatting 171
5.10 Paragraph formatting 172
5.11 Print preview and print 181
5.12 Word templates 182
5.13 Styles 186
5.14 Headers and footers 187
5.15 Tables 190
5.16 Mail merge 195
5.17 Charts 204
5.18 Importing objects 205
5.19 Keyboard shortcuts 207
6 Spreadsheets 209
6.1 The Excel screen 209
6.2 Workbooks and worksheets 210
6.3 Spreadsheet jargon 213
6.4 Moving around your worksheet 214
6.5 Selection techniques 215
6.6 Entering text and numeric data 217
6.7 Editing text and numeric data 218
6.8 Row height and column width 219
6.9 Insert/delete rows and columns 220
6.10 Fitting text into cells 222
6.11 Number formats 223
6.12 Freeze/unfreeze headings 226
6.13 Split screen 227
6.14 Formulas 229
6.15 AutoFill 231
6.16 AutoSum 233
6.17 Statistical functions 234
6.18 View formula 238
6.19 Sort 238
6.20 IF function 240
6.21 Relative and absolute addresses 243
6.22 Preview, Page Setup and Print 245
6.23 Charts 251
7 Databases 261
7.1 Planning and design 261
7.2 Starting Access 266
7.3 The Access screen 268
7.4 Field data types and properties 270
7.5 Tables in the Library database 273
7.6 Defi ning the table structures 275
7.7 Relationships 285
7.8 Entering data in Datasheet view 288
7.9 Editing data in Datasheet view 292
7.10 Formatting in Datasheet view 293
7.11 Changing the table structure 293
7.12 Page layout and printing tables 297
7.13 Forms 298
7.14 Form Design 300
7.15 Controls in Layout view 301
7.16 Sort 303
7.17 Find 305
7.18 Filter 306
7.19 Query Design 310
7.20 Reports 317
7.21 Exporting data 324
8 Presentations 329
8.1 Introduction to PowerPoint 329
8.2 Getting started 330
8.3 Creating a presentation 332
8.4 View options 334
8.5 Working with slides 337
8.6 Formatting 340
8.7 Headers and footers 343
8.8 Charts 344
8.9 Organization charts 345
8.10 Tables 346
8.11 Clip art 347
8.12 Masters 349
8.13 Slide show preparation 352
8.14 Animations 355
8.15 Slide Show 357
8.16 Printing presentations 359
9 Web browsing 364
9.1 Jargon busting 364
9.2 Security considerations 368
9.3 First steps... 374
9.4 Home page 378
9.5 Viewing web pages offl ine 379
9.6 Help 380
9.7 Browser settings 381
9.8 Web navigation 383
9.9 Web searching 386
9.10 Favorites 390
9.11 Copying text and pictures 393
9.12 Printing 394
9.13 Online forms 395
10 E-mail 398
10.1 E-mail 398
10.2 Introducing Outlook 403
10.3 Send e-mail 404
10.4 Attaching a fi le 408
10.5 Inbox 409
10.6 Print a message 411
10.7 Reply to/forward a message 411
10.8 Productivity options 412
10.9 Contacts 415
10.10 Signature 418
10.11 Message management 420
Answers 426
Index 432

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